一.Fracture immobilization braces are primarily categorized into the following types based on their location and function:

1. Upper Limb Immobilization Braces

Shoulder Brace: Used after surgery for proximal humeral (near the shoulder) fractures or shoulder dislocations. These typically consist of a brace that wraps around the chest and arm, immobilizing the arm at a specific angle.

Arm Support/Elbow Brace: Used for fractures of the forearm, elbow, or above the wrist. Common examples include:

Sarmiento Brace (Functional Brace): Used for humeral shaft fractures, allowing elbow and wrist movement.

Hinged Elbow Brace: Adjustable elbow range of motion for postoperative rehabilitation.

Wrist Brace: Used for wrist, hand, or phalangeal fractures.

Mecarpal Brace: Specifically designed to immobilize hand fractures.

Wrist Immobilization Brace: Used for wrist fractures or sprains.

Finger Splint: Used for fractures of one or more fingers.

2. Lower Limb Immobilization Braces

Hip braces: Used after surgery for hip fractures, such as those involving the femoral neck and intertrochanteric regions, to limit hip adduction and internal rotation and prevent prosthesis dislocation.

Knee braces: These are widely used and come in a variety of types.

Locking knee braces: Used after distal femoral fractures, tibial plateau fractures, or ligament reconstruction surgery to lock the knee in extension.

Hinged knee braces: Allow a certain degree of motion and are used during the recovery period.

Ankle-Foot Braces: Used for ankle fractures, ligament tears, or foot fractures.

Walking Boots: These are the most common type, featuring a rigid outer shell and an inflatable/cushioned liner. They control ankle range of motion and allow patients to walk during the early stages of recovery.

Weight-Bearing Braces: Used for foot fractures, such as those involving the calcaneus and metatarsal bones, to shift weight to the lower leg, allowing the foot to rest completely.

二.Core Functions and Benefits

1.Immobilization and Restraint: A core function of braces is to secure the fracture in place and create a stable environment for bone healing.

2.Protection and Support: Prevents secondary injury from accidental movement.

3.Range of Motion Control: Hinged braces, in particular, allow for gradual adjustment of range of motion during the rehabilitation phase, preventing joint stiffness.

4.Swelling Management: Many braces come with adjustable straps or air cushions that apply pressure to help reduce and prevent swelling.

5.Comfort and Convenience:

Breathable: Compared to casts, braces are more breathable, reducing the risk of skin problems.

Removable: Allows for convenient bathing and skin cleansing.

Lightweight: New materials make braces lighter and more comfortable to wear.

6.Easy to Observe: Doctors and patients can readily monitor the skin's condition and check for pressure sores, infections, and other conditions.