I. Common Brace Types and Application Scenarios

1. Plaster Immobilization

Initial Immobilization: Plaster immobilization is often used for closed fractures or in the early postoperative period. This rigid material wraps around the affected limb, provides stable support, and restricts joint motion.

Advantages: Low cost and excellent fit. Disadvantages: Long-term use may affect blood circulation and cannot be adjusted for tightness.

2. Adjustable Brace (External Fixator)

For Complex Fractures or Postoperative Recovery: Suitable for patients with open fractures, severe dislocations, or those requiring frequent adjustments to the fixation angle. This brace utilizes an external metal frame connected to bone screws to achieve multi-angle fixation.

Flexibility: This brace allows for gradual adjustment to accommodate the healing process, facilitating wound monitoring and cleaning.

3. Locking Knee/Ankle Brace

For Fractures Near the Joint: For fractures near the knee or ankle, a brace with a hinge or locking mechanism is used. This protects the fracture ends while allowing for some joint motion and preventing stiffness.

4. Walking Boot (Walking Boot)

Mid- to Late-Term Rehabilitation: Suitable for partial weight-bearing. This brace uses a rigid outer shell and inflatable cushion to distribute pressure, helping the patient gradually regain walking ability.

II. Key Considerations for Brace Selection

1. Fracture Stability: Poorly stable or comminuted fractures require stronger support (such as an external fixator), while minor fractures may only require a simple brace.

2. Healing Stage: Strict immobilization is required in the early stages, with a gradual transition to a flexible brace in the middle and later stages.

3. Patient Needs: Children need to consider growth space; adults with high activity levels may require lightweight, breathable materials.

III. Precautions for Brace Use

1. Proper Fit: Ensure the brace fits snugly to the limb. A tight fit may compress nerves and blood vessels, while a loose fit may ineffectively secure the limb.

2. Cleaning and Observation: Regularly inspect the skin for redness, swelling, or damage, and keep the inside of the brace dry and hygienic to prevent infection.

3. Gradual Mobility: Perform muscle contraction exercises or joint flexion and extension exercises under the guidance of a physician to prevent muscle atrophy and adhesions.

4. Regular Follow-up: Use X-rays to confirm fracture alignment and healing, and adjust the brace type or fixation strength as needed.