I. Basic Protection

① Passive Impact Protection: Utilizing rigid shells (such as plastic or carbon fiber) and cushioning materials (such as gel or foam) to disperse and absorb external impact forces, preventing fractures, abrasions, and severe contusions. Examples include the rigid shell of roller skating knee braces and the D3O material in motorcycle protective gear.

② Joint Stability Support: Limiting abnormal range of motion (such as hyperextension, inversion/eversion) of joints through elastic restraints, lateral support strips (such as hinges), or strap systems, preventing sprains and ligament strains. Examples include the hinges of basketball knee braces and the figure-eight straps of ankle braces.

③ Soft Tissue Compression and Fixation: Applying moderate pressure to muscles and soft tissues to reduce vibration and unnecessary swaying, relieve fatigue, and promote blood flow. Examples include compression leg sleeves and sports bandages.

II. Performance Enhancement

① Improved Proprioception: The pressure and feedback from protective gear on the skin enhance the brain's perception of joint position and movement, thereby subconsciously optimizing movement patterns and improving motor control and balance.

② Body Temperature and Muscle Maintenance: Wrap-up protective gear (such as knee braces and lumbar supports) keeps joints and muscle groups warm, maintaining their elasticity and excitability, reducing the risk of strains, especially in cold environments or during warm-up.

③ Psychological Safety: Wearing protective gear can significantly enhance athletes' confidence, allowing them to exert more force when performing high-difficulty movements or in contact situations, reducing psychological concerns about injury.

III. Injury Management and Rehabilitation

① Targeted Pressure and Support: After an injury, protective gear provides a stable environment for the injured area, preventing secondary damage, reducing pain, and allowing athletes to resume activity and training early under protection.

② Functional Range of Motion Training: Some advanced rehabilitation protective gear (such as adjustable hinged knee braces) allows therapists to set safe ranges of motion for protected rehabilitation training.